#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class cls
{
int x;
public:
cls(int i=0) {cout<<"c1 "; x=i;}
~cls() {cout<<"d1 ";}
};
class cls1
{
int x; cls xx;
public:
cls1(int i=0){cout<<"c2 ";x=i;}
~cls1(){cout<<"d2 ";}
}c;
class cls2
{
int x;cls1 xx;cls xxx;
public:
cls2(int i=0) {cout<<"c3 ";x=i;}
~cls2(){ cout<<"d3 ";}
};
int main()
{
cls2 s;
return 0;
}